Objectives

The specific objectives of the research are:

1. To establish calibration methods to support dynamic testing of digital instrument transformers (IT) for rated voltages up to 400/?3 kV and at least 2 kA. In addition, to support technology integration into digital substations, including real-time monitoring systems associated with power quality (PQ) and synchrophasor measurements with uncertainties from 30 ppm under laboratory conditions and up to 0.1 % under on site conditions.
2. To develop reference standards for the calibration of instruments with digital input or output, in order to support the transition to digital substations. This includes studies on increasing sampling rates beyond those specified in IEC standards, and on the accuracy of distributed digital power measurements. 
3. To develop metrological tools for the characterisation of devices that exploit sampled values in
   digital substations, such as all-digital power and power quality meters and phasor measurement units (PMUs). This includes e.g. studies on limitations due to latency and computation time, and characterisation of error sources in order to provide proposals for an enhanced protocol for sampled values.
4. To develop traceable reference standards for the verification of time and synchronisation methods. This includes study on techniques and algorithms such as PTP and White Rabbit for the synchronisation of sampling to a common time reference, both within and between digital substations. In addition, to carry out studies on secure protocols for time dissemination. To develop and validate satellite-independent PMU utilising distributed sensors.
5. To facilitate the take up of the technology and measurement infrastructure developed in the project. Target stakeholders include the measurement supply chain (instrument manufacturers), standards developing organisations (IEC TC38 WG 55, IEC TC57 WG 10, IEEE TC39, IEEE P1588) and end users (energy distribution companies).